movies

1 Comment Posted on Jaws, John Williams, Richard Dreyfuss, Robert Shaw, Roy Scheider, Steven Spielberg, Universal Studios

Fifty years later, “Jaws” still bites

It’s hard to believe that half a century has passed since “Jaws” was released in July of 1975.  I was in Palm Springs with my family when we went to see it at the Plaza theatre.  I took the paperback of the Peter Benchley novel with me so that I could finish it in our motel room before seeing the movie.  It remains one of the most memorable film experiences I’ve ever had.

Earlier this month I watched “Jaws” for the first time in many years along with my 21-year-old son who had never seen it.

In order to temper unrealistic expectations on his part regarding a 50-year-old film, I explained to him that “Jaws” was made 20 years before CGI came on to the scene.  Spielberg was one of the first directors to use CGI for 1994’s “Jurassic Park.”  Even then, he insisted on using practical effects with the dinosaurs and not rely solely on computers.

Smartly, Spielberg reveals little of the shark until the climax.  When it is finally shown as it breaches onto the boat swallowing Shaw’s Quint, the use of a mechanical puppet is frightening since he is actually interacting with a real object and not reacting to nothing but a green screen.My son came away impressed.

What elevates “Jaws” from other excellent movies is the impact its success had on the movie industry.

The summer blockbuster.  Before “Jaws,” studios did not release their best pictures during the summer due to many theatres not having air-conditioning.  Once “Jaws” opened to packed theatres, it became clear that people would stand in line for an “event” film no matter the weather.  “Jaws” earned $260 million domestically in its initial release.  Two years later, “Star Wars” would open Memorial Day weekend and surpass that mark, earning over $300 million.  Thus, the summer blockbuster was born.

Wide release.  Eschewing the common exhibition practice of opening a film in a small number of theatres, gradually expanding over several weeks, “Jaws” opened in over 400 theatres.  This greatly boosted its earnings at a faster clip (this was before multiplexes became commonplace).

Trailers on TV.  It was uncommon to advertise new movies on television.  Universal Studios aired commercials a few days before the release of “Jaws” thus generating high interest. 

Just as Alfred Hitchcock’s 1960 “Psycho” made people afraid to take showers, “Jaws” made people fearful of swimming in the ocean.

Additionally, “Jaws” catapulted the careers of Steven Spielberg, John Williams (who would go on and score the bulk of Spielberg’s canon), Roy Scheider, and Richard Dreyfuss.  Before “Jaws,” Robert Shaw had established himself as an in-demand character actor for a quarter of a century which explains why his name had the highest position in the credits.  Sadly, his career would be cut short, dying three years later at age 51from a heart attack.

Making “Jaws” took longer and cost more than expected.   Since much of the film was shot in Martha’s Vineyard off the coast of Massachusetts, the sea water damaged the 25-foot mechanical shark that was the film’s main prop leading to numerous delays.

The original 55 days of shooting tripled to 159, while the $3.5 million budget ballooned to $12 million.  A new documentary on the making of the movie depicts the stress that Spielberg was under, especially when hearing that studio bosses were thinking of shutting down the production.

Once filming finished, Spielberg had a full-blown panic attack.  He thought he would never work in Hollywood again.

Spielberg revealed that it took him years to overcome this anxiety, often having nightmares even after achieving great success.  To overcome his trauma, he would secretly board the Orca boat, part of the “Jaws” stop on the Universal Hollywood Studios tour, and lay down in the cabin to calm himself.

1 Comment Posted on Desi Arnaz, I Love Lucy, Lucie Arnaz, Lucille Ball, The Man Who Invented Television, Todd S. Purdum

I Love Desi

I just read the new book, Desi Arnaz:  The Man Who Invented Television by Todd S. Purdum, and came away with a higher appreciation for Arnaz, who some pejoratively referred to as Mr. Lucille Ball.

Arnaz was the mastermind behind “I Love Lucy” and Desilu Studios.  He’s responsible for moving television production from the east coast to the west in the 1950s, establishing situational comedies shot on film in front of a live audience, and conceiving of re-runs, the concept that networks could earn money by airing repeat viewings instead of paying for summer replacement shows.

“I Love Lucy” was created to keep the Arnazes together after 10 years of marriage which included long periods of separation due to Desi’s orchestra being on the road.

In 1950, Lucille Ball had a popular radio show, “My Favorite Husband.”  When TV executives sought new series to develop, they harvested radio shows to make the transition.

What resulted was “I Love Lucy” which only happened after CBS and their sponsor Philip Morris agreed to their demands: that Desi replace actor Richard Denning as Lucy’s husband, and that the show be produced in Los Angeles where they had their home.

At the time, most TV shows were produced in New York and nearly all were aired live on the east coast with movie cameras capturing the shows off television monitors in order to air them in other time zones.  Called kinescopes, these were of inferior quality compared to a show produced directly using motion picture cameras (videotape didn’t exist yet).

Reluctantly, the network agreed to all their terms including having the show filmed in front of a live audience with a revolutionary three-camera concept.  Famed cinematographer Karl Freund figured how to properly light the set for both long and close-up shots as all cameras simultaneously captured the action.  By having the show filmed allowed for high quality repeats to air.

When “I Love Lucy” premiered on Oct. 15, 1951, it quickly rose to become the number one rated show in America for four of its six seasons.

Near the end of the 1950’s, Desilu was producing more shows for television than any other studio.

He was the first Latino to head a major studio, Desilu, which at one time had more programming on television than any other studio.  In fact, to this day, no other Latino has held such a powerful position in Hollywood.

Unfortunately, such success led to Desi spending long hours at the studio, leaving his wife and children alone.   It’s ironic that the show was created to ensure they had more time for themselves, but instead the opposite happened which ultimately led the couple to divorce in 1960 after 20 years of marriage.

Sadly, Desi Arnaz never received an Emmy nomination for his performance (Lucille Ball earned two Emmys for the show).

Lucille Ball was Arnaz’s strongest supporter of what he accomplished as a studio mogul.  She’d always give him credit for creating the show and running Desilu successfully while so many in the Hollywood community didn’t.

Once they went on with their separate lives, they remained close.  He would continue producing her TV program “The Lucy Show” and near the end of his life, Ball visited him at his house in Del Mar.  According to daughter Lucie Arnaz, the last phone call they had with one another occurred on their wedding anniversary, Nov 30, 1986, with each one repeating “I love you” to the other.  Two days later, Arnaz passed away.

When Ball received the Kennedy Centers honors five days later, actor Robert Stack, star of the Desilu-produced “The Untouchables,” read a note from Desi which ended:  “I Love Lucy was never just a title.”

Leave a comment Posted on Indiana Jones, Jaws, John Williams, Star Wars, Steven Spielberg, Superman

Memories by John Williams

As a teenager, the section of any record store where I spent the majority of time browsing was the film soundtracks.  Most of my albums were scores by my favorite composers:  Bernard Herrman, Jerry Goldsmith, Danny Elfman, and John Williams.

At that time, one could not see a film again unless it was shown on television or re-released in movie theaters.  So, I’d play an album on my record player and allow the music to wash over me as I reclined on my bed staring up at the blank ceiling, letting the musical leitmotivs conjure up specific scenes from the film.

This month, a new documentary premiered, “Music by John Williams,” chronicling the maestro’s life story.  Its subtitle could be “With Collaboration by Steven Spielberg” because in nearly all of his 34 films, the film director has worked with Williams.

It is an unprecedented nearly half a century of work that began in 1975 with “Jaws” and was last renewed in 2022 with “The Fabelmans.”  When they first worked together, Spielberg was 29 and Williams 43.

During this second half of his life, Williams found a second career as a conductor, first as the principal conductor with the Boston Pops Orchestra for 14 years, then as a guest conductor with orchestras around the world (he’ll head the Berlin Philharmonic in June 2025).

Try to imagine any of these movies without hearing in your head their musical themes:  “Jaws,” “Star Wars,” “Close Encounters of the Third Kind,” “Superman,” “Raiders of the Lost Ark,” “E.T.,” “Jurassic Park,” “Schindler’s List,” or “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone.”

Every time a person sees a film released by Universal, one also hears the fanfare music by Williams.  That goes for the Olympics and NBC News.  And to think he began this body of work in his mid-40’s.  Little did he know his life was only at its mid-point.

His most stirring pieces can rouse one’s spirits:  Superman flying through the sky, the Jedi fighters diving deep into the Death Star, Indiana Jones dashing away from danger onto a plane, the boys’ bicycling across the moon.  His most quiet passages can bring tears:  Elliot saying goodbye to E.T., Schindler at a loss upon receiving a gold watch from the Jewish people whose lives he saved.

Despite technological advances in devices that could write the notes for him on a scoresheet, he adheres to his laborious habit of writing down each note by hand.  And, with few exceptions, chooses not to employ electronic instruments because, as he says, you can’t hear a musician’s soul through a synthesizer.

Of course, there are scores of films Williams worked on that aren’t memorable.  There are critics who view his work as derivative and schmaltzy.  But there’s no denying that some of his compositions will never be forgotten.

John Williams and Steven Spielberg.