Ella, First Lady of Song

I have 1,000 songs on my workout playlist, and the singer that I have the most of is Ella Fitzgerald with 60 tunes.  Ella is my favorite female singer, right behind my favorite male singer, Frank Sinatra.

Author Judith Tick’s new biography, Becoming Fitzgerald, may be the most researched book about the First Lady of Song.  Considering how famous she was, there are few books written about Fitzgerald.  Having read this newest one, I have a better understanding why that’s so.

Fitzgerald was a very private person.  The rare times when she sat down for an interview, the generic responses were often repeated.  She was married only once to the great bassist Ray Brown (an earlier union was annulled), but that lasted only six years.  Her only child, Ray Brown, Jr., was actually her half-sister’s child whom she adopted.

The greatest joy of her life was singing in front of live audiences.  Most years she would be on the road except for a few weeks at home around the holidays.

Born in Newport News, Virginia in 1917, Fitzgerald grew up in Yonkers, New York where after her father left, her mother lived with a new man.  After her mother died from a car accident in 1932 when she was 15, Fitzgerald had problems living with her stepfather resulting in her being placed in an orphanage in Harlem.

At age 17, she went to the Apollo Theatre for an amateur night intending to do a dance routine.  However, she ended up singing instead and won first place.

In 1935, drummer Chick Webb hired Fitzgerald for his jazz orchestra.  She began getting attention recording records, and in 1938, her first big single that she co-wrote, “A-Tisket-a-Tasket” became hugely popular.

One year later, Webb died from spinal tuberculosis at age 34.  Fitzgerald took over the orchestra at age 22, becoming one of the first females to front a band.

What made Fitzgerald unique was the sweet tone in her voice, her range of several octaves and her scatting.   No one can scat like Ella; she truly sounded like an instrument.  And though she was a heavy-set person, her body moved frequently as she sang, exhibiting her enjoyment.

Over the course of the next decade, Fitzgerald had modest success mostly from touring around the country and overseas.  Like Fitzgerald’s contemporaries—Billie Holliday and Sarah Vaughn—no matter how talented a black performer was in the 1930’s, 1940’s or 1950’s, that person had to surpass the best white performer in order to get attention, work and money. 

A game-changer for her was meeting record producer Norman Granz.  Once he became her manager, Granz began his record company Verve with Fitzgerald as his star.  He elevated her from a blues singer to a singer of American standards when in 1956, at age 39, Ella recorded the double-album “Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Song Book.”  This led to several other song book albums that allowed her to sing the classic American popular songs of the 20th century backed with lush arrangements. 

She finally achieved acclaim normally reserved for white entertainers. Imagine how big Fitzgerald would have become if she were born in 1957 instead of 1917. 

Even so, she had to face racism which meant she could only stay at black-only hotels even in the cities where she was headlining. One time in Dallas the police arrested Ella and her fellow musicians.  When they arrived at the police station and recognized who she was, they released her . . . after they asked for an autograph.

Fitzgerald sang with all the great male and female singers of her day.  Sadly, she and Sinatra never recorded an album together.  In fact, the only time both of these titans were in a recording studio was for an animated version of “Finian’s Rainbow” which never got produced.  The song “Necessity” can be heard on YouTube.

They did, however, make two television appearances together on Sinatra’s shows.  In 1959 singing “Can’t We Be Friends” and in 1967 singing “The Lady is a Tramp.”

When Frank Sinatra was convinced to return to Capital Records in 1993 to record the “Duets” album, Ella was the first singer he mentioned that he wanted.  Unfortunately, she was too ill to record the song.

Fitzgerald struggled with Type-2 diabetes and its related health issues in middle age.  First, her eyesight failed requiring thick eyeglasses that she began wearing in her 60’s.  Then, she lost an incredible amount of weight and in her final years had to have help walking on stage. 

In one of her final performances in 1992 for Muhammad Ali’s 50th Birthday Celebration TV special, she appeared frail at age 75; she could barely sing but gave it her all.  Soon thereafter, both of her legs were amputated below the knee.  She died in 1996 at the age of 79.

Luckily, there is a wealth of recordings, both studio and live productions, as well as YouTube videos, available allowing younger people to discover the First Lady of Song.

Two titans of Popular Song: Ella and Frank (1967).

Ella with Oscar Peterson (1961), “Air Mail Special.”

Ode to a Record Player

As I continue downsizing the stuff in my garage, I came across the compact stereo player I had as a child.

I don’t recall exactly when my parents got me the stereo, but when examining the date of the records and especially the 45’s I still have in my possession, it was in 1966 when I was eight years old.

That stereo was a huge item for me because it meant I didn’t have to use the old cabinet stereo in the living room to play records which was shared by the entire family.  I could play the music I wanted when I wanted to in my bedroom which was actually a den shared with my brother (nine years older than me).

Stereo systems were manufactured in wooden cabinets just like radios.  Then companies produced smaller, portable versions like the one I had.

And mine was a Philco, model no. P-1446-GY, with a 6-transitor stereo amplifier and a 4-speed automatic record changer.

The reason I had a Philco stereo is because my father worked for Philco as a salesman for a short time.  By the way, the name is not for the founders of the company, rather for the city where it was founded, Philadelphia.  The company has long ago gone out of business.

This stereo had four speed settings:  78, 45, 33, 16.  Yes, 16.  I never used that setting which led me to do a bit of research on history of records.

In 1910, shellac records were manufactured to be played at 78 ¼ revolutions per minute (rpm).  Shellac, however, made these 10-inch albums brittle like glass so one had to be careful in handling them.

In 1948, 12-inch vinyl records were produced.  Not only were they more durable than shellac, they provided more content since the speed was cut to 33 1/3 rpm, thus the term long-playing or LP came into use.

In 1949, smaller 7-inch discs were introduced.  With an rpm of 45, they had one song on each side.  Music producers would put the song that had the most hit potential on the A-side and hide an inferior song on the B-side.  Sometimes the B-side song outsold the A-side one.

In 1957, record companies came out with discs that played at 16 2/3 rpm, half the speed of 33’s.  These were mainly for spoken material like book readings or speeches.  This format lasted less than 15 years.

The design of my compact stereo, about the size of a boxy microwave, was genius.  Like a suitcase, there was a latch on top that upon opening would unleash two external speakers that swung out on hinges.  Each speaker could be unhooked from the turntable and placed a few feet away to enhance the stereo separation.  

My stereo was gray and I loved the blue/green color of the speakers’ fabric.  I was so proud to have it that I used a piece of gold-colored carbon paper that imprinted my name on top of it so no one else in the house would forget that it was mine.

To release the turntable required inserting a finger in a small hole to pull it down in an upright position.  

To this day, I still have several of the 45 records my parents bought me that first year in 1966.  Here were some of my purchases:

  • Sonny and Cher’s “The Beat Goes On”
  • The Herman Hermits’ “Leaning on the Lamp Post”
  • Neil Hefti’s “Batman Theme” (for the popular TV series)
  • Sam the Sham’s “Lil Red Ridin’ Hood”
  • The Royal Guardsmen’s “Snoopy vs. the Red Baron”
  • Nancy Sinatra’s “The Last of the Secret Agents?” (which decades later was signed by Nancy herself)

Remember, this music was chosen by an 8-year-old.

That Philco stereo has traveled with me over the years even though I haven’t used it since  my late teens.  That’s when the stereo marketplace changed.  Music lovers had to purchase all the components separately:  turntable, speakers and receivers (a smart money-making move by those manufacturers).

I was curious if my stereo still worked, so I carried it out from the garage onto the patio. 

I pulled out the power cord neatly folded up and stored in the back, and plugged it in.  I moved the power lever near the tonearm to the “on” position.

Unbelievably, the turntable turned.  It still worked! 

Quickly I went into the house to retrieve one of the few 78 records I still had, Frank Sinatra singing “Day by Day” on the Columbia label.  It was produced on Aug. 22, 1945, 11 days before the end of World War Two.

I gently placed it on the turntable.  I gingerly moved the tonearm onto the record.  And I could hear Frankie singing, though the volume was extremely low.   Adjusting the volume control had no effect on making the sound louder so clearly the machine had diminished.

I turned it off, then turned it back on again.  And guess what?

It stopped working.

It’s as if my Philco stereo had enough life to be played one more time, and that was it.

That’s when I knew I had to say goodbye to a piece of my childhood.  It served me well.

I took photos and video of the stereo to show my wife and sons who had never seen it opened up.

When my youngest son saw the footage, he encouraged me to keep it, texting, “You could repurpose it and make it a time capsule of sorts.”  I briefly thought about it, but I couldn’t imagine where in my house I would put the Philco.  It would end up back in the garage, never to be seen for who knows how long.

I called my city’s refuse department which picked up bulky items that didn’t fit in one’s trash cans and placed my Philco stereo along with a couple of other items on the parkway on my trash pick-up day.

Periodically, that morning, I would peer out my front window to see if the items were picked up yet.  About the third time I looked out, I noticed that the Philco stereo was gone while the other items were still there.

Someone had come by and rescued the Philco.  I’d like to think that whoever took it had a fondness for old record players.  I hope it brightens someone else’s life as it did my childhood. 

And whoever has it will know whose stereo this was for “Brian” remains embossed on top of it.  It will always be mine.